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Medicinal Sermorelin

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Sermorelin references: the cited literature

Every study referenced across this brief, with journal, year, DOI, and PubMed link. The full reference list for the GHRH(1-29) record.

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Every quantitative claim in this sermorelin brief maps to a numbered entry below. The list runs from the pediatric efficacy trial and the older-adult IGF-1 study through the pharmacokinetics, the editorial debate, the secretagogue-comparison characterizations, and the 2025 synthesis review. DOIs and PubMed identifiers are provided for each. This is an editorial digest of published research; the references are the substance.

  1. Thorner M, Rochiccioli P, Colle M, Lanes R, Grunt J, Galazka A, Landy H, Eengrand P, Shah S. Once daily subcutaneous growth hormone-releasing hormone therapy accelerates growth in growth hormone-deficient children during the first year of therapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1996;81(3):1189-96. ↗
  2. Corpas E, Harman SM, Pineyro MA, Roberson R, Blackman MR. Growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone-(1-29) twice daily reverses the decreased GH and insulin-like growth factor-I levels in old men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1992;75(2):530-535. ↗
  3. Wilton P, Chardet Y, Danielson K, Widlund L, Gunnarsson R. Pharmacokinetics of growth hormone-releasing hormone(1-29)-NH2 and stimulation of growth hormone secretion in healthy subjects after intravenous or intranasal administration. Acta Paediatr Suppl. 1993;388:10-15. ↗
  4. Walker RF. Sermorelin: a better approach to management of adult-onset growth hormone insufficiency? Clin Interv Aging. 2006;1(4):307-308. ↗
  5. Blackman MR. Use of growth hormone secretagogues to prevent or treat the effects of aging: not yet ready for prime time. Ann Intern Med. 2008;149(9):677-9. ↗
  6. Baker LD, Barsness SM, Borson S, Merriam GR, Friedman SD, Craft S, Vitiello MV. Effects of growth hormone-releasing hormone on cognitive function in adults with mild cognitive impairment and healthy older adults: results of a controlled trial. Arch Neurol. 2012;69(11):1420-1429. NCT00257712. ↗
  7. Campbell RM, et al. Incorporation of D-Ala2 in growth hormone-releasing hormone-(1-29)-NH2 increases the half-life and decreases metabolic clearance in normal men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1994;79(4):1166-1171. ↗
  8. Falutz J. Tesamorelin: a growth hormone-releasing factor analogue for HIV-associated lipodystrophy. Ann Pharmacother. 2012;46(2):240-247. ↗
  9. Raun K, Hansen BS, Johansen NL, et al. Ipamorelin, the first selective growth hormone secretagogue. Eur J Endocrinol. 1998;139(5):552-561. ↗
  10. Teichman SL, Neale A, Lawrence B, et al. Prolonged stimulation of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I secretion by CJC-1295, a long-acting analog of GH-releasing hormone, in healthy adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91(3):799-805. ↗
  11. Svensson J, et al. The GH secretagogues ipamorelin and GH-releasing peptide-6 increase bone mineral content in adult female rats. J Endocrinol. 2000;165(3):569-577. ↗
  12. Vance ML, Kaiser DL, Evans WS, et al. The effect of pulsatile administration, continuous infusion, and diurnal variation on the growth hormone (GH) response to GH-releasing hormone in normal men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1986;63(4):872-878. ↗
  13. Massoud AF, et al. Growth hormone (GH) autofeedback on GH response to GH-releasing hormone. Role of free fatty acids and somatostatin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1991;72(2):492-499. ↗
  14. Granata R, Leone S, Zhang X, Gesmundo I, Steenblock C, Cai R, Sha W, Ghigo E, Hare JM, Bornstein SR, Schally AV. Growth hormone-releasing hormone and its analogues in health and disease. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2025. ↗
  15. Lewinski A, et al. The Complex World of Regulation of Pituitary Growth Hormone Secretion: The Role of Ghrelin, Klotho, and Nesfatins in It. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021;12:636403. ↗
  16. Munafo A, Nguyen TX, Papasouliotis O, et al.. Polyethylene glycol-conjugated growth hormone-releasing hormone is long acting and stimulates GH in healthy young and elderly subjects. European journal of endocrinology. 2005. 153:249-56. ↗
  17. Chen RG, Shen YN, Yei J, et al.. A comparative study of growth hormone (GH) and GH-releasing hormone(1-29)-NH2 for stimulation of growth in children with GH deficiency. Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992). Supplement. 1993. 388:32-5; discussion 36. ↗
  18. Khorram O, Laughlin GA, Yen SS. Endocrine and metabolic effects of long-term administration of [Nle27]growth hormone-releasing hormone-(1-29)-NH2 in age-advanced men and women. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. 1997. 82:1472-9. ↗
  19. Lanes R, Carrillo E. Long-term therapy with a single daily subcutaneous dose of growth hormone releasing hormone (1-29) in prepubertal growth hormone deficient children. Venezuelan Collaborative Study Group. The Journal of pediatric endocrinology. 1994. 7:303-8. ↗
  20. Gelander L, Lindstedt G, Selstam G, et al.. Effects of acute intravenous injection of two growth hormone-releasing hormones (GHRH 1-40 and 1-29) on serum growth hormone and other pituitary hormones in short children with pulsatile growth hormone secretion. Hormone research. 1989. 31:213-20. ↗
  21. Tauber MT, Pienkowski C, Pigeon P, et al.. Growth hormone (GH) profiles in response to continuous subcutaneous infusion of GH-releasing hormone(1-29)-NH2 in children with GH deficiency. Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992). Supplement. 1993. 388:28-30; discussion 31. ↗
  22. Coutinho LFD, DE Oliveira Neves LF, Camilo RP. A new era of doping? Use of peptide and peptide-analog drugs in recreational and professional sport and bodybuilding: a critical review. The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness. 2026. ↗
  23. Mendias CL, Awan TM. Safety and Efficacy of Approved and Unapproved Peptide Therapies for Musculoskeletal Injuries and Athletic Performance. Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.). 2026. ↗
  24. Villegas Meza AD, et al.. Injectable Peptides in Sports Medicine: A Structured Narrative Review of Evidence, Safety, and Antidoping Implications. JBJS reviews. 2026. 14. ↗
  25. Esposito S, et al.. Advances in the detection of growth hormone releasing hormone synthetic analogs. Drug Test Anal. 2021. ↗
  26. Prakash A, Goa KL.. Sermorelin: a review of its use in the diagnosis and treatment of children with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency. BioDrugs. 1999. 12(2):139-157. ↗
  27. Ko FY, Chen WP, Lin CY. Defective response of plasma growth hormone to growth hormone releasing factor in growth hormone deficient children. Zhonghua Min Guo Xiao Er Ke Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi. 1992. 33:243-50. ↗
  28. Tuilpakov AN, et al.. Growth hormone (GH)-releasing effects of synthetic peptide GH-releasing peptide-2 and GH-releasing hormone (1-29NH2) in children with GH insufficiency and idiopathic short stature. Metabolism. 1995. 44:1199-204. ↗
  29. Yuen KC, Biller BM, Molitch ME, Cook DM.. Clinical review: Is lack of recombinant growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone in the United States a setback or time to consider glucagon testing for adult GH deficiency? J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009. 94(8):2702-2707. ↗
  30. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Interim Policy on Compounding Using Bulk Drug Substances Under Section 503A of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (Guidance for Industry). FDA Guidance for Industry. 2025. ↗